How much impact does noise have on hearing?

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Low-frequency noise is one of the most important hazards in cities. It refers to the sound with a frequency below 500 Hz, that is, the irregular sound produced by vibrating 20 to 500 times in one second is called low-frequency noise. At the 1980 Danish International Conference, the sound between 1 and 100 Hz was defined as low frequency noise (Low Frequency Noise), and the center frequency of the 1/3 scale was 2 to 63 Hz. There are five main categories of low-frequency noise sources in residential areas in China: elevators, transformers, water pumps in high-rise buildings, central air conditioners and traffic noise. The direct impact of low-frequency noise on physiology is not as obvious as that of high-frequency noise, but it can cause long-term damage to human health.


How much impact does noise have on hearing?
In the same environment, 10% of people of the same age are sensitive to noise, and 25% are the least sensitive to noise. Individual physical differences may be related to genetics, ear structure, psychological factors, etc. Genders are similar among young people, while older men are more susceptible than women. The older you are, the more serious the damage is. Long-term exposure to noise stimulation can cause pathological damage to the human inner ear, which can lead to occupational hearing loss, also known as occupational noise disease. The symptoms of long-term exposure to noise vary greatly among individuals. The basic symptoms are tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, and dizziness. and neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive system symptoms.


The greater the noise intensity, the more severe and rapid the hearing loss. The incidence of noise hearing loss increases exponentially with the increase in noise intensity. If the noise intensity reaches There is generally no hearing damage at an intensity of 55 dB, about 10% of hearing impairments occur at 65 dB, and irreversible hearing damage can occur at levels above 130 dB.


When the noise intensity is the same, high-frequency noise has a greater impact on hearing than low-frequency noise; narrowband noise and pure tone noise have a greater impact on hearing than broadband noise; pulse Noise is more harmful than steady-state noise. Noise that appears suddenly is more damaging to hearing than noise that appears gradually. Continuous exposure causes more serious damage than indirect exposure; the longer the exposure, the more serious the damage. The critical intensity of temporary threshold shift is 75 dB after 8 hours of exposure and 85 dB for 2 hours. The longer you work, the heavier the losses. Adhering to long-term protective measures can greatly reduce noise damage. It is related to neuroendocrine changes in the body, hypertension, abnormal lipid metabolism, magnesium deficiency, iron metabolism disorders and other factors.


Most inner ear lesions are more sensitive to noise, and those with progressive hearing loss should avoid working in noisy workshops. Pathological changes in the sound-transmitting mechanism of the middle ear can reduce the energy entering the inner ear, thereby reducing noise damage to the inner ear. However, when the middle ear muscles are paralyzed, the inner ear is more susceptible to damage.

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